What Are Bone Grafts?
A common procedure, dental bone grafts increase the amount of bone that you have in your jaw. This treatment is used to help prepare patients for dental implant surgery. Alternatively, if your oral health is being impacted due to low bone density, your dentist may suggest a graft. A bone transplant for dental implants is a necessity for certain patients to ensure the effectiveness of the procedure. The graft will be carried out before or during your teeth implant treatment. Rest assured, your dentist will talk you through the process in detail, alongside your sedation options.
What Causes Bone Loss?
To better understand the purpose of a bone graft, let’s talk about what causes bone loss. When a tooth is extracted and not replaced, the bone surrounding the area weakens and shrinks. Teeth grinding (commonly referred to as bruxism) is another common cause. The excessive pressure on the teeth and jawbone can potentially lead to gradual bone loss. Gum disease is also a significant contributor, due to its ability to damage the tissue and bone that support your teeth. Other factors include age, facial trauma and certain medical conditions such as cancer.
The Different Materials Used In Bone Grafts
The materials used in a bone graft can vary. This depends on many factors, including the amount of bone lost, the risk of rejection, and the cost of the procedure. It also depends on the patient’s personal preferences.
- Xenograft: The graft material is recovered from a donor of one species and grafted into a recipient of another species.
- Isograft: This tissue is grafted from a genetically identical individual (for example, an identical twin).
- Allograft: A transplantation of tissue taken from a donor of the same species that is not genetically identical.
- Autograft: Tissue taken from the patient’s own body. It is a popular choice among dentists as there is a lower chance of the graft being rejected.
- Alloplast: Synthetic, lab-made tissue. The graft is made from materials such as hydroxyapatite, a naturally occurring mineral.
The Bone Graft Procedure
Think of this dental treatment like scaffolding. It helps your own bone to rebuild or repair itself. The procedure can be carried out in numerous ways – however, the basic process usually remains the same. Prior to the treatment beginning, you will be sedated, making the procedure pain-free. An incision is made in the gum to separate it from the bone, before the chosen bone graft material is placed. The gums are repositioned, and the area is finally stitched up.
Bone Graft Recovery
The recovery period changes, but is usually 1-2 weeks for the patient. The bone graft itself needs several months to heal. The first few days are where you are most likely to experience pain, swelling and bruising. To manage this, use your typical over-the-counter pain medication. Always ask your dentist if you are unsure as to what you are able to use. Immediately after the surgery, you may find blood in your saliva too. Eat soft foods, avoid alcohol and keep the surgical site clean after your treatment. Do not smoke, vape, spit or exercise. You can apply an ice pack to the outer jaw if you experience swelling. Resume your normal diet and exercise routine as per your dentist’s timeline. This will differ from patient to patient, so please follow the aftercare instructions given to help ensure a smooth recovery.
Risks Of Undergoing A Bone Graft
A bone graft is a medical procedure. Therefore, it comes with risks. It is important to understand these risks before undergoing the treatment. If you have any concerns, do not hesitate to consult with your dentist.
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Pain
- Bruising and swelling
- Gum graft failure (this risk is much higher for smokers)
- Nerve damage
- Anaesthesia complications
FAQs
We have answered many common questions about bone grafts. If you are still unsure of anything, please do not hesitate to reach out.
I have low bone density – do I have to have a bone graft before my dental implant treatment?
This depends on the amount of bone lost. Each tooth implant needs a strong base to anchor onto - therefore, you must have a sufficient amount of bone. Your dentist will determine if you need a bone graft prior to your procedure.
How painful is a bone graft?
The bone graft procedure is painless. After the surgery, you may experience some pain in the following days. As previously mentioned, this can be managed with your usual over-the-counter pain medication.
What is a zygomatic implant?
A zygomatic implant is used when a patient has low bone density and cannot have a typical dental implant. Instead of attaching to your jawbone, the implant connects to your cheek bone. It is offered at no extra cost at Yorkshire Dental Suite.
What is a pterygoid implant?
A pterygoid implant is another alternative to a typical dental implant. Suitable for patients with low bone density, it attaches to the medial pterygoid plate. The implant is also offered to patients at no extra cost.
What is a gum graft?
Gum graft surgery provides a solid foundation for a dental implant. Ideal for individuals with receding gums, the procedure helps to lessen the risk of dental implant failure.
What is a sinus lift?
Another type of bone graft, a sinus lift is carried out in the event of a lack of bone in the upper premolar/first molar (upper side/first back tooth) area.
How much is a bone graft in the UK?
The price of a bone graft in the UK varies greatly dependent on the type of bone graft you receive, and the materials used. The cost typically ranges from £350 to £4,000; at Yorkshire Dental Suite, the cost of a bone graft starts from £950.
How will I know if I’ll need a bone graft prior to dental implants?
You will have a thorough consultation before your dental implant procedure to check for any issues that can affect the viability of your treatment. To do this, a 3D scan may be carried out to assess the thickness of the bone.
How long does a bone graft last?
A successful bone graft treatment can last a lifetime. This longevity however is greatly impacted by habits such as smoking, so avoid at all costs. Conclusion: Bone grafts create a strong foundation for dental implants and prevent further bone loss. It may seem intimidating, but it is a common dental procedure, and you will be supported every step of the way.